Understanding Hemorrhoids and Treatment Options
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Understanding Hemorrhoids and Treatment Options
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Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower part of the rectum or anus. They form when excessive pressure in the pelvic or rectal area causes blood to pool, thus swelling the veins and stretching the surrounding tissue. Hemorrhoids are typically a consequence of straining the bowels due to constipation, diarrhea, or even something as simple as haste. They often arise during pregnancy and childbirth due to hormonal changes and the pressure exerted to push the baby out. Overweight individuals are at particular risk, especially if the extra weight is carried in the pelvis or abdomen. Other causes include infections, cirrhosis of the liver, and heart disease.
Hemorrhoids may be internal or external, and it is possible to have both types simultaneously. External hemorrhoids are a visible, fleshy lump projecting out near the anus. Though very painful, they are easily treated with home remedies, including over the counter suppositories and creams to reduce pain and swelling. Witch hazel applied with a cotton ball may relieve itching (an unscented color-free bathroom tissue may be used in place of the cotton ball). Sufferers may also be soothed by warm baths and ice packs.
Internal hemorrhoids are located inside the rectum, also known as the anal canal. The primary symptom is rectal bleeding, though this can also be a sign of colon, anal, or rectal cancer. Even though they are generally not visible, internal hemorrhoids can become so large that they protrude out into the rectum. These cases, referred to as prolapsed hemorrhoids, are very painful.
Several fixative procedures are available to treat hemorrhoids without surgery. The purpose of each is to cut off blood supply so that the hemorrhoid shrinks, dies, and falls off. The most common is rubber band ligation, in which hemorrhoids are simply tied off. In infrared coagulation, heat and light kill the tissue, while laser treatments accomplish the same objective with an electrical current. Sclerotherapy involves an injection of a chemical solution into the hemorrhoid. Any of these methods are used where the hemorrhoids are small, or if prolapsed, after they retract on their own following a bowel movement. These procedures are also the treatments of choice for patients in poor health or those over age 70.
A surgical hemorrhoidectomy is necessary to remove large internal hemorrhoids or several small ones, or when other treatments have not controlled bleeding. Sometimes blood clots form in a condition known as thrombosed hemorrhoids, and these often require surgery as well.
These surgeries have all proven to be effective, and are available options for those suffering from moderate to serious hemorrhoids. However, in order to avoid hemorrhoids or prevent recurrence after treatment, make sure to establish a diet that is high in fiber and that includes plenty of fluids.
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